Key result
Traditional Brazilian diet linked to ~24% lower odds of severe CAC.
Why the study?
The study was conducted to identify dietary patterns associated with subclinical atherosclerosis measured as coronary artery calcification.
Are specific dietary patterns associated with subclinical atherosclerosis measured by coronary artery calcification in Brazilian adults?
Cross-Sectional (n=4,025)
No
Are specific dietary patterns associated with subclinical atherosclerosis measured by coronary artery calcification in Brazilian adults?
Odds Ratio: 0.76 (95% CI 0.6–0.97)
p-value: p=0.027
A traditional Brazilian dietary pattern is associated with a lower prevalence of coronary artery calcification, highlighting the importance of diet in preventing subclinical atherosclerosis.
Observational data should not change practice; hypothesis-generating for traditional Brazilian diet and CAC, needing prospective confirmation.
OBJECTIVE: To identify dietary patterns associated with subclinical atherosclerosis measured as coronary artery calcification (CAC). DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health. Dietary data were assessed using a FFQ, and a principal component factor analysis was used to derive the dietary patterns. Scree plot, eigenvalues > 1 and interpretability were considered to retain the factors. CAC was measured using a computed tomography scanner and an electrocardiography-gated prospective Ca score examination and was categorised into three groups based on the CAC score: 0, 1-100 and >100 Agatston units. Multinomial regression models were conducted for dietary patterns and CAC severity categories. SETTING: Brazil, São Paulo, 2008-2010. PARTICIPANTS: Active and retired civil servants who lived in São Paulo and underwent a CAC exam were included (n 4025). RESULTS: Around 10 % of participants (294 men, 97 women) had a detectable CAC (>0), 6·5 % (182 men, 73 women) had a CAC of 1-100 and 3·5 % (110 men, 23 women) had a CAC > 100. Three dietary patterns were identified: convenience food, which was positively associated with atherosclerotic calcification; plant-based and dairy food, which showed no association with CAC; and the traditional Brazilian food pattern (rice, legumes and meats), which was inversely associated with atherosclerotic calcification. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that a dietary pattern consisting of traditional Brazilian foods could be important to reducing the risk of atherosclerotic calcification and prevent future cardiovascular events, whereas a convenience dietary pattern was positively associated with this outcome.
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Gorgulho et al. (2021) conducted a cross-sectional in Subclinical atherosclerosis (n=4,025). Traditional Brazilian dietary pattern vs. Lower adherence to the dietary pattern was evaluated on Coronary artery calcification (CAC) score > 100 Agatston units (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.60-0.97, p=0.027). Higher adherence to a traditional Brazilian dietary pattern was associated with a 24% lower odds of severe coronary artery calcification (OR 0.76), whereas a convenience dietary pattern increased the odds by 33% (OR 1.33).
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