Key result
Rapid heart rate deceleration in chick embryos emerges around day 13-14 via parasympathetic function.
Population
Chick embryos (5 embryos examined on each day from day 11 to day 19 of incubation)
Design
Preclinical
Authors
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Chick embryo findings delineate parasympathetic onset of heart rate decelerations; extends avian developmental models but leaves open translation to human fetuses.
In chick embryos, heart rate irregularities begin around day 13-14 of incubation, with rapid decelerations mediated by parasympathetic nervous function.
Höchel et al. (1998) studied Heart rate irregularities (n=45). Intravenous administration of autonomic drugs was evaluated on Instantaneous heart rate (IHR) irregularities. In chick embryos, rapid deceleration of heart rate appeared around day 13-14 of incubation and was mediated by parasympathetic nervous function.
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