In December 2009 during its first cold test, LQS01, the first LongNb₃ SnQuadrupole made by LARP (LHC Accelerator Research Program, a collaboration of BNL, FNAL, LBNL and SLAC), reached its target field gradient of 200 T/m. This target was set in 2005 by the US Department of Energy, CERN and LARP, as a significant milestone toward the development ofNb₃ Snquadrupoles for possible use in LHC luminosity upgrades.
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Ambrosio et al. (2010) studied this question.
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