Key result
Triple antithrombotic therapy was associated with a 5.2% annual risk of major bleeding compared to 2.4% with dual antiplatelet therapy, while maintaining a 1% annual incidence of ischemic stroke and stent thrombosis.
Why the study?
Do different antithrombotic regimens affect the risk of major bleeding, stroke, and stent thrombosis in patients requiring long-term anticoagulation who undergo PCI?
Systematic Review
Do different antithrombotic regimens affect the risk of major bleeding, stroke, and stent thrombosis in patients requiring long-term anticoagulation who undergo PCI?
Absolute Event Rate: 5.2% vs 2.4%
Triple antithrombotic therapy effectively prevents stroke and stent thrombosis but carries a higher bleeding risk than dual antiplatelet therapy, which may be preferred in patients with low stroke risk (CHADS-2 score <2).
Optimal antithrombotic regimen remains uncertain in anticoagulated patients post-PCI; leaves open need for dedicated randomized trials.
There is lack of consensus regarding use of antithrombotic therapy (AT) in patients with indications for long-term anticoagulation who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention. We sought to evaluate the safety and efficacy of various antithrombotic regimens in this patient population. We conducted a Medline search for all English language, full-text articles from January 2000 to June 2009 that evaluated major cardiovascular outcomes in patients with indications for anticoagulation who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention. Data were analyzed from these studies to calculate annual incidence of major bleeding, stroke, and stent thrombosis with various antithrombotic regimens. Major bleeding events were calculated at 30 days and at 1 year. Ten retrospective studies, 1 post hoc analysis of a major registry, and 2 prospective studies qualified for our analysis. Atrial fibrillation was the most common indication for anticoagulation. Risk of major bleeding was 1.5% at 30 days and 5.2% at 1 year with triple AT (aspirin + warfarin + clopidogrel/ticlopidine). Dual antiplatelet therapy (aspirin + clopidogrel/ticlopidine) was associated with 2.4% annual risk of major bleeding. The annual incidence of both ischemic stroke and stent thrombosis was 1% with triple antithrombotic regimen. Risk of major bleeding increases proportionately with incremental duration of triple AT. Triple AT is effective in the prevention of ischemic stroke and stent thrombosis. Dual antiplatelet regimen is effective in patients with low annual risk of ischemic stroke (<4%; CHADS-2 score <2) due to lower annual risk of bleeding associated with this regimen (2.4%).
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Deshmukh et al. (2011) conducted a systematic review in Indications for long-term anticoagulation undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Triple antithrombotic therapy (aspirin + warfarin + clopidogrel/ticlopidine) vs. Dual antiplatelet therapy (aspirin + clopidogrel/ticlopidine) was evaluated on Major bleeding at 1 year. Triple antithrombotic therapy was associated with a 5.2% annual risk of major bleeding compared to 2.4% with dual antiplatelet therapy, while maintaining a 1% annual incidence of ischemic stroke and stent thrombosis.
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