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September 14, 2026Transboundary and Emerging DiseasesOpen Access

FMDV affects ~41% of Bangladeshi buffaloes with co-circulating serotypes O and Asia-1.

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Key result

The overall individual-level prevalence of FMDV in buffaloes across three districts in Bangladesh was 41.0%, with co-circulation of serotypes O and Asia-1.

Authors

AAAbdullah Mohammad AsifTMTajul Islam MamunMSMd. Rokibul Hasan Shanto

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Overview

Prevalence estimates in Bangladeshi buffaloes support enhanced surveillance; leaves open longitudinal assessment of transmission and control efficacy.

Key Points

  • To evaluate the prevalence and molecular characteristics of circulating foot-and-mouth disease virus strains in domestic buffaloes across Bangladesh.
  • Conducted a cross-sectional study sampling 622 nasal swabs from 67 buffalo herds across Sylhet, Rajshahi, and Noakhali districts in Bangladesh from January to June 2024.
  • Tested samples for viral RNA using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
  • Sequenced eight representative positive samples and analyzed VP1 coding regions to evaluate phylogeny, selection pressure, and genetic diversity.
  • FMDV RNA was detected in 41.0% (255/622) of individual buffaloes and 88.1% (59/67) of herds, with the highest district prevalence observed in Sylhet (47.1%), followed by Noakhali (38.9%) and Rajshahi (37.1%).
  • Sequencing identified co-circulation of serotype O (ME-SA/Ind2001e lineage, n = 5) and serotype Asia-1 (Group V lineage, n = 3).
  • Purifying selection predominated across both serotypes, with serotype O demonstrating greater nucleotide diversity (π = 0.11642) than serotype Asia-1 (π = 0.05258).

Study Design

Type

Cross-Sectional (n=622)

PICO

P
Population
622 buffaloes from 67 herds across three districts in Bangladesh were tested for FMDV RNA to determine prevalence and molecular characteristics.
E
Exposure / Comparator
FMDV exposure
O
Primary Outcome
Individual-level prevalence of FMDV (37.10-44.98)

Limitations

  • Sequencing was performed on a limited number of isolates (8 out of 255 positive samples).
  • Selection of samples for sequencing did not fully account for herd-level representation, epidemiological clustering, or temporal variation.
  • Lineage-specific prevalence could not be determined.
  • Cross-sectional design limits conclusions regarding transmission dynamics or population structure.

Cite This Study

Asif et al. (2026) conducted a cross-sectional in Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) infection (n=622). FMDV exposure was evaluated on Individual-level prevalence of FMDV (95% CI 37.10-44.98). The overall individual-level prevalence of FMDV in buffaloes across three districts in Bangladesh was 41.0%, with co-circulation of serotypes O and Asia-1.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6aa7afef79e9260bc85aacdbhttps://doi.org/10.1155/tbed/3107202
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