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September 14, 2026Abdominal RadiologyOpen Access

Augmented and virtual reality for preprocedural planning and intraprocedural guidance in transplant hepatic artery stenting

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Authors

AGAndrew C. GordonSZSaad Abu ZahraABAmir A. Borhani

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Overview

Pilot study demonstrates high feasibility and procedural impact of AR/VR in transplant hepatic artery stenting, suggesting enhanced anatomical guidance and workflow integration.

Key Points

  • To evaluate the feasibility, usability, and perceived procedural impact of augmented and virtual reality for preprocedural planning and intraprocedural guidance in transplant hepatic artery stenting.
  • Conducted a single-center pilot study of 8 consecutive patients undergoing transplant hepatic artery stenting between January 2025 and May 2026.
  • Applied an AR/VR headset with spatial computing software for preprocedural planning in all cases and used intraprocedural AR to display live fluoroscopy in the final 3 cases.
  • Administered postprocedure 5-point Likert scale surveys to evaluate workflow integration, anatomic visualization, operator confidence, usability, and headset comfort.
  • Technical success was achieved in 100% of cases without major complications; median procedure time was 159.5 min, median fluoroscopy time was 34.8 min, and median air kerma was 678 mGy.
  • AR/VR planning required a median of 4.5 min (3.6% of case time) and was perceived to alter the procedural approach in 75% of cases (6/8).
  • Operators reported median scores of 5 out of 5 for visualization, workflow integration, confidence, and anatomic understanding, whereas headset comfort was rated lowest; intraprocedural AR succeeded in all 3 attempted cases.

Cite This Study

Gordon et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6aa7b2f70926e14a848b192dhttps://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-026-05777-7
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