Key result
The authors emphasize that the association between declining mortality following cardiac surgery and statewide quality improvement programs may not be causal.
Design
Editorial
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This reply emphasizes that declining mortality rates following cardiac surgery cannot be definitively attributed to specific statewide quality improvement programs due to the observational nature of the associations.
This reply emphasizes that declining mortality rates following cardiac surgery cannot be definitively attributed to specific statewide quality improvement programs due to the observational nature of the associations.
Arlene S. Ash (1997) conducted a letter in Cardiac surgery. Statewide quality improvement programs was evaluated. The authors emphasize that the association between declining mortality following cardiac surgery and statewide quality improvement programs may not be causal.