Theoretical analysis reveals mathematical mechanisms of self-organization in far-from-equilibrium complex systems, indicating that non-vanishing operator commutators drive macroscopic order.
Traditional non-equilibrium thermodynamics, grounded in local equilibrium and linear response frameworks, fails to fully characterize far-from-equilibrium complex systems where fluctuations act as the primary driving force of macroscopic order. In this paper, we establish a universal mathematical framework for self-organization by integrating Rough Operator Algebra (ROA) and Composite Torsion within phase space. We demonstrate that the noncommutativity of microscopic rough operators generates non-vanishing commutators that act as topological triggers for symmetry breaking and macro-collapse into stable attractors.
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Seonggil Lee (2026) studied this question.
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