Review demonstrates integrated physiological and molecular breeding pathways for abiotic stress tolerance in wheat, highlighting genomic tools to develop resilient cultivars.
Key Points
Synthesize current knowledge linking physiological stress responses, molecular pathways, and modern breeding technologies to improve abiotic stress tolerance in wheat.
Reviewed wheat physiological and biochemical responses, including antioxidant defense mechanisms, osmotic balance, and phytohormone signaling under diverse abiotic pressures.
Assessed molecular breeding frameworks, encompassing genome-wide association studies, genomic selection, multi-omics platforms, and CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing.
Abiotic stressors impair wheat development by triggering oxidative damage, disrupting water homeostasis, and downregulating photosynthesis.
Coordinated molecular responses, such as stress-responsive gene activation and antioxidant production, mitigate physiological damage under environmental extremes.
Integration of quantitative trait loci mapping and CRISPR/Cas tools enables targeted improvement of multi-stress tolerance in climate-resilient wheat cultivars.