Multi-objective optimization of TC4/UHMWPE fiber metal laminates for enhanced ballistic performance under fragment impact

This study developed a multi-objective optimization framework for TC4/UHMWPE fiber metal laminates to improve the ballistic limit (V50) and specific energy absorption (SEA) simultaneously. A validated finite element model was first established to predict V50 and SEA and to generate training data for surrogate modeling. The radial basis function model showed the highest predictive accuracy and was coupled with NSGA-II to construct the Pareto front. A TOPSIS-based a posteriori decision method was then applied to select the final design from the complete Pareto front. The optimized design increased V50 and SEA by 17.95% and 11.90%, respectively, with only a 4.5% increase in areal density. Its main feature is a pronounced increase in the thickness of the intermediate UHMWPE layer, indicating that allocating more material to this layer benefits the overall ballistic performance of the laminate.