Effect of Nanoparticle Aggregation on Heat and Mass Transfer in Magneto-Casson Nanofluid Flow Over a Curved Surface With Arrhenius Activation Energy

This novel investigation is motivated by the need for a comprehensive understanding of how nanoparticle aggregation, Lorentz forces, thermal radiation, Joule heating, and Arrhenius activation energy collectively influence the heat and mass transport of magnetite-ethylene glycol-based Casson nanofluid through a stretched curved surface incorporated into a porous medium. Developing an adequate numerical framework for this problem is critical for furthering applications in thermal management and biomedical technologies. A set of dimensionless ordinary differential equations with significant physical parameters is developed by modifying the controlling mathematical model into an appropriate structure using similarity functions. These equations are processed using the numerical power of the Lobatto IIIA technique using the MATLAB software, employing the built-in bvp4c function. Graphical representations and tables are employed to assess the impact of significant physical factors under both aggregation and nonaggregation scenarios. The findings show that the porosity, radiation, and Casson parameters strengthen the rate of heat transmission. Further, with the rise of the curvature parameter, both the velocity field and skin friction are augmented. The chemical reaction parameter optimizes the Sherwood number, whereas the activation energy factor improves the concentration profile. In the aggregation case, both velocity and temperature distributions are consistently elevated compared with the nonaggregation case for identical parameter values, while the opposite trend is observed for concentration profiles. This discrepancy underscores the pivotal significance of nanoparticle aggregation in improving heat transfer while minimizing mass diffusion, which is crucial for real thermal and chemical engineering applications.