Key result
IS/AAR staining, 3D-TEE, and PV loops robustly assess cardiac damage and function in porcine MI models.
Why the study?
Optimizing clinical translation of novel therapeutics for acute myocardial infarction requires robust and representative outcome measures in large animal experiments.
This paper provides a methodological framework for assessing cardiac outcomes in a pig model of acute myocardial infarction to facilitate translational research.
Should not inform clinical AMI management; supports standardized multimodal assessment in porcine translational models.
Mortality after acute myocardial infarction remains substantial and is associated with significant morbidity, like heart failure. Novel therapeutics are therefore required to confine cardiac damage, promote survival and reduce the disease burden of heart failure. Large animal experiments are an essential part in the translational process from experimental to clinical therapies. To optimize clinical translation, robust and representative outcome measures are mandatory. The present manuscript aims to address this need by describing the assessment of three clinically relevant outcome modalities in a pig acute myocardial infarction (AMI) model: infarct size in relation to area at risk (IS/AAR) staining, 3-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and admittance-based pressure-volume (PV) loops. Infarct size is the main determinant driving the transition from AMI to heart failure and can be quantified by IS/AAR staining. Echocardiography is a reliable and robust tool in the assessment of global and regional cardiac function in clinical cardiology. Here, a method for three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (3D-TEE) in pigs is provided. Extensive insight into cardiac performance can be obtained by admittance-based pressure-volume (PV) loops, including intrinsic parameters of myocardial function that are pre- and afterload independent. Combined with a clinically feasible experimental study protocol, these outcome measures provide researchers with essential information to determine whether novel therapeutic strategies could yield promising targets for future testing in clinical studies.
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Ellenbroek et al. (2016) studied Acute myocardial infarction. Outcome assessment modalities (IS/AAR staining, 3D-TEE, admittance-based PV loops) was evaluated on Assessment of infarct size, cardiac function, and cardiac performance. Three clinically relevant outcome modalities (IS/AAR staining, 3D-TEE, and admittance-based PV loops) provide robust assessment of cardiac damage and function in a pig model of acute myocardial infarction.
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