Formulas for calculating six saturation indexes are derived. The indexes are expressed in terms of commonly measured characteristics of water quality. They are evaluated for their ability to determine whether a water is undersaturated, saturated, or oversaturated with respect to calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and to predict the water's capacity for CaCO3 deposition or dissolution. Important concepts that are often poorly understood are clarified.
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Rossum et al. (1983) studied this question.
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