Key result
Family history of diabetes linked to ~288% greater odds of comorbid hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia.
Why the study?
Hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia frequently coexist as major cardiovascular risk factors, requiring systematic evaluation of their epidemiology and associated factors to inform prevention and control.
Meta-Analysis (n=625,718)
The multimorbidity triad of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia affects 6.2% of Chinese adults and is strongly associated with modifiable risk factors like adiposity, smoking, and alcohol use.
Informs integrated screening for metabolic triad in primary care; extends prevalence estimates but leaves causal pathways open for prospective study.
Background Hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia are common chronic metabolic conditions and major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. These three conditions frequently coexist, presenting a significant public health challenge. Systematically evaluating the epidemiological characteristics and associated factors can be referred for early prevention and control strategies. Objective To systematically evaluate the prevalence and associated factors of the multimorbidity triad (hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia) among Chinese adults. Methods CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, CBM, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library were systematically retrieved for studies published up to August 2025. Data were analyzed using Stata 18.0 software. Results Eighteen cross-sectional studies involving 625,718 participants were included. The meta-analysis indicated that the pooled prevalence of comorbid hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia among Chinese adults was 6.2% (95% CI : 4.9%-7.4%). Significant factors associated with this multimorbidity triad included: family history of diabetes ( OR =3.88, 95% CI : 1.57–9.58), obesity ( OR =3.71, 95% CI : 2.85–4.81), central obesity ( OR =2.47, 95% CI : 1.98–3.07), overweight ( OR =2.02, 95% CI : 1.74–2.35), marital disruption (divorced, separated, or widowed) ( OR =1.88, 95% CI : 1.55–2.27), male( OR =1.62, 95% CI : 1.35–1.96), smoking ( OR =1.54, 95% CI : 1.259–1.884), and alcohol use ( OR =1.45, 95% CI : 1.25–1.68) ( P <0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of comorbid hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia is substantial among Chinese adults. Key associated factors include adiposity (overweight, obesity, central obesity), male, lifestyle behaviors (smoking, alcohol consumption), family history of diabetes, and marital disruption(divorced, separated, widowed). Identifying and managing these modifiable risk factors is critical for clinicians to recognize high-risk individuals and reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease.
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Chen et al. (2026) conducted a meta-analysis in comorbid hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia (n=625,718). Risk factors (family history of diabetes, obesity, central obesity, overweight, marital disruption, male, smoking, alcohol use) vs. Absence of risk factors was evaluated on pooled prevalence of comorbid hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia (95% CI 4.9-7.4). Family history of diabetes (OR 3.88) and obesity (OR 3.71) were strongly associated with comorbid hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia, which had a pooled prevalence of 6.2% in Chinese adults.
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