Identifying high-risk and actionable profiles for prevention in hypertensive patients with concurrent dyslipidemia: a population-based retrospective study

Hypertension and dyslipidemia are major global risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, with their prevalence increasing annually. In China, hypertension and dyslipidemia exhibit a “dual high” epidemic characteristic. To contribute to the reduction of their prevalence, this study analyzes factors related to dyslipidemia in hypertensive patients from a clinical perspective. This study analyzed data from 5,018 hypertensive patients recruited from 110 hospitals across China. Participants were categorized into a dyslipidemia group and a non-dyslipidemia group based on diagnostic criteria. Variables selected based on clinical relevance and univariate associations were included in a multivariate logistic regression model to determine independent factors associated with the co-occurrence of hypertension and dyslipidemia. Analysis of the dyslipidemia group and non-dyslipidemia group revealed that the dyslipidemia group exhibited significantly higher proportions ( p < 0.05) in multiple disease conditions (stroke, angina pectoris, atrial fibrillation), medication use (beta-blockers, antiplatelet agents, etc.), and family histories of certain diseases (hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes) compared to the non-dyslipidemia group. Regression analysis further identified BMI, family history of hypertension, stroke, angina pectoris, atrial fibrillation, obstructive sleep apnea, and family history of coronary heart disease as significant correlates of hypertension combined with dyslipidemia. Hypertension comorbid with dyslipidemia demonstrates significant correlations with body mass index (BMI) and familial predisposition (family histories of hypertension and coronary heart disease). Furthermore, individual medical histories and pharmacological regimens exhibit substantial associations with disease progression. These findings suggest potential targets for a three-tier prevention approach. With appropriate validation in prospective studies, prioritized screening and early intervention for high-risk individuals may contribute to halting or delaying disease progression.