Key result
Bariatric surgery linked to ~35% lower incidence of non-hormonal cancers vs non-surgical controls.
Why the study?
Although bariatric surgery has been linked to lower hormonal cancer risk, data regarding its effect on non-hormonal cancers are scarce.
Does bariatric surgery reduce the incidence of non-hormonal cancers compared to non-surgical management?
Meta-Analysis (n=18,583,477)
Does bariatric surgery reduce the incidence of non-hormonal cancers compared to non-surgical management?
Odds Ratio: 0.65 (95% CI 0.53–0.8)
p-value: p=< 0.002
Bariatric surgery is associated with a significantly reduced risk of non-hormonal cancers, including liver, colorectal, kidney, esophageal, and lung cancers.
May support bariatric surgery discussions for cancer risk reduction in obesity; extends meta-analytic evidence to non-hormonal sites.
BACKGROUND: Obesity is associated with an increased incidence of at least 13 types of cancer. Although bariatric surgery has been associated with a reduced risk of hormonal cancers, data for non-hormonal cancers are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of bariatric surgery on the incidence of non-hormonal cancers. METHODS: Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for articles between 1984 and 2018, following the PRISMA system. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effect model with subgroup analysis by procedure and cancer type. RESULTS: From 2526 studies screened, 15 were included. There were a total of 18 583 477 patients, 947 787 in the bariatric group and 17 635 690 in the control group. In comparison to the non-surgical group, the bariatric group had a lower incidence of cancer (OR .65 (95 per cent c.i. 0.53 to 0.80); P < 0.002). In the subgroup analysis, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy were associated with decreased risk of developing cancer, while no difference was observed with adjustable gastric banding. When evaluated by cancer type, liver (OR 0.417 (95 per cent c.i. 0.323 to 0.538)), colorectal (OR 0.64 (95 per cent c.i. 0.49 to 0.84)), kidney and urinary tract cancer (OR 0.77 (95 per cent c.i. 0.72 to 0.83)), oesophageal (OR 0.60 (95 per cent c.i. 0.43 to 0.85)), and lung cancer (OR 0.796 (95 per cent c.i. 0.45 to 0.80)) also presented a lower cancer incidence in the bariatric group. CONCLUSION: Bariatric surgery is related to an almost 50 per cent reduction in the risk of non-hormonal cancers.
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Clapp et al. (2022) conducted a meta-analysis in Obesity (n=18,583,477). Bariatric surgery vs. Non-surgical group was evaluated on Incidence of non-hormonal cancers (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.80, p=< 0.002). Bariatric surgery was associated with a significantly lower incidence of non-hormonal cancers compared to non-surgical controls (OR 0.65; 95% CI 0.53-0.80; P<0.002).
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