A comprehensive review on phytochemistry, health benefits, and therapeutic potential of Elaeocarpus angustifolius Blume

Elaeocarpus angustifolius Blume (E.angustifolius), is a tropical evergreen plant, primarily found in India, Malaysia, Indonesia, Myanmar, Nepal, Australia, Thailand, and the Pacific Islands.It exhibits immense ethnobotanical and pharmacological characteristics.Despite its broad ancient usage, there is still a research gap in the comprehensive examination and collection of available evidence on its medicinal value.Throughout ancient times, Ayurveda has employed various parts of this plant to address a range of health issues, including mental illness, anxiety, stress, depression, epilepsy, nerve pain, migraine, palpitations, asthma, poor concentration, arthritis, hypertension, and liver disorders.In addition, it can be used to treat leprosy, hysteria, coma, leucorrhoea, and other skin conditions like pimples, ringworm, etc.This review provides valuable insights that could inform future research directions, drug discovery efforts, and the integration of rudraksha into complementary medicine practices.This study collected literature published on the phytochemistry and pharmacology of E. angustifolius before November 2023.Scientific literature in English from databases such as Science Direct, Wiley, Springer, Frontiers, PubMed, and Google scholar.Chemical structures found in E. angustifolius were depicted using ChemDraw (version 12.0.2),following an extensive search in PubChem databases.To identify pertinent articles and materials, the search was conducted using keywords like "Elaeocarpus angustifolius," "Rudraksha," "Elaeocarpus granitrus," "Elaeocarpus sphaericus pharmacology and bioactive compounds," and other phrases of a similar kind.Furthermore, the possible mechanism of action underlying the pharmacological potential has been explored.Nevertheless, clinical studies are required to ascertain the efficacy of E. angustifolius in treating human diseases.