Cardiovascular Adaptability of Young Adults under Physical Activity during the Post-COVID-19 Period

This study aimed to investigate the hemodynamic and HRV indicators of students under physical load during the post-COVID-19 period to reveal cardiac dysfunctions and dysregulations of the autonomic nervous system. 44 female students were included in the current study. The hemodynamic and HRV indicators were studied immediately after a 5-minute physical load in a “Proteus pes 3320” veloergometer workout. Analysis of the electrocardiography (ECG) recordings was carried out via the “BIO-ART 001” portable device. It was shown that the levels of all the studied indicators demonstrating the activity of the mechanisms of cardiohemodynamic regulation significantly differed from the healthy controls. The ECG analysis showed that after the physical load, the TP index increased by 3 times to the comparison of the control group. Additionally, the VLF and LF/HF increased by 12.2 and 95.7% in students with COVID-19 after physical activity. The pNN50 and RMSSD levels were decreased in students of the experimental group by 61.2 and 32.2% (p < 0.001), respectively after physical load indicating the reduction of PNS activity in heart rate regulation. Moreover, increased hemodynamic parameters were observed among students with COVID-19 after physical activity. The results consider the presence of dysregulation in the parasympathetic and sympathetic mechanisms of HRV regulation. Students from the studied group have also expressed disturbances of automatism of the heart and tachycardia, which can be considered based on ECG analysis. Short-term physical load contributed to the transition of indicators of the cardiovascular system from a stress zone to a tense one, which is probably due to the impact of coronavirus on the adaptive capabilities of both cardiovascular and nervous systems.