Large electro-mechanical energy conversion in PZT-PNN ceramics

In this study, an indirect measurement of energy density of lead zerconate titanate- lead nickel niobate or PZT-PNN ceramics utilizing mechanical stress was performed. The method works similarly to Olsen cycle, which is a large amount of electro-mechanical energy conversion can be achieved. A maximum energy density of 170 kJ/m3/cycle was found in 0.6PZT-0.4PNN ceramic under 0–100 MPa and 1–15 kV/cm of applied mechanical stress and electric field, respectively. The obtained result is much higher than the results reported in existing studies of piezoelectric materials utilizing direct piezoelectric effect.