GLP-1 alleviates NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent inflammation in perivascular adipose tissue by inhibiting the NF-κB signalling pathway

Figures

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  Figure 1.. Semiquantitative reverse-transcription real-time polymerase reaction showing expression of NLR family pyrin domain containing 1 (NLRP1); NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3); NLR family CARD domain containing 4 (NLRC4); and absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) in perivascular adipose tissue from male Zucker diabetic fatty rats (n = 3). NLRP3 was the most highly expressed, P = 0.022 versus other genes.

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  Figure 2.. Protein levels of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-related spot-like protein (ASC), cleaved caspase-1 and caspase-1 in perivascular adipose tissue from Zucker lean rats (controls) and male Zucker diabetic fatty rats, with or without liraglutide for 12 weeks (DM and DM+GLP-1 groups): (a) representative western blots; (b) NLRP3 and ASC levels normalised to β-actin; and (C) ratio of cleaved caspase-1/caspase-1. Data presented as mean ± SEM of 10 rats per group (samples assayed in triplicate); *P < 0.05, DM versus controls, or DM+GLP-1 versus DM group (analysis of variance).

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  Figure 3.. Protein levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18 and gasdermin D (GSDMD) in perivascular adipose tissue from Zucker lean rats (controls) and male Zucker diabetic fatty rats, with or without liraglutide for 12 weeks (DM and DM+GLP-1 groups): (a) representative western blots; and (b) IL-1β, IL-18 and GSDMD levels normalised to β-actin. Data presented as mean ± SEM of 10 rats per group (samples assayed in triplicate); *P < 0.05, DM versus controls, or DM+GLP-1 versus DM group (analysis of variance).

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  Figure 4.. Protein levels of nuclear factor (NF)-κB, NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 in perivascular adipose tissue from Zucker lean rats (controls) and male Zucker diabetic fatty rats, with or without liraglutide for 12 weeks (DM or DM+GLP-1 groups) or with liraglutide plus NF-κB activator betulinic acid (DM+GLP-1+NF-κB group): (a) representative western blots; and (b) NF-κB, NLRP3, IL-1β and IL-18 levels normalised to β-actin. Data presented as mean ± SEM of 10 rats per group (samples assayed in triplicate); #P < 0.05, DM versus controls (analysis of variance); *P < 0.05, DM+GLP-1 versus DM; ΔP < 0.05, DM+GLP-1+NF-κB versus DM+GLP-1 (one-way analysis of variance with a Tukey post hoc test).