Vitamin D and Its Role in the Aging Process: A Review of the Literature

Vitamin D, a fat-soluble micronutrient, plays a crucial role not only in maintaining calcium-phosphorus metabolism but also in regulating a wide range of biological processes, including immune response, cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. In recent years, its role in modulating chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and cellular aging processes has attracted significant research attention. Vitamin D deficiency is widespread in the population, particularly in regions with low levels of solar insolation, making it one of the key challenges in modern medicine. Epidemiological data indicate an association between low vitamin D levels and the development of age-related diseases, such as cardiovascular disorders, type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, and cognitive decline. However, the mechanisms underlying these associations remain incompletely understood. In particular, the role of vitamin D in regulating telomere length, telomerase activity, and other biomarkers of cellular aging has not been sufficiently studied. Given the increasing prevalence of age-related diseases and the need to identify effective prevention strategies, investigating the impact of vitamin D on aging processes is highly relevant.