Narrative review reveals dual veterinary and clinical management controls anthrax transmission across ecosystems, highlighting alignment with global Sustainable Development Goals.
Key Points
To review the biology, transmission dynamics, and virulence determinants of Bacillus anthracis and evaluate integrated One Health management strategies in relation to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
Synthesized literature on the life cycle, environmental persistence in soil reservoirs, and plasmid-encoded virulence factors (pXO1 and pXO2) of Bacillus anthracis.
Evaluated veterinary, environmental, and clinical public health interventions across ecological and human domains.
Identified pXO1-encoded triple toxin complexes and the pXO2-encoded antiphagocytic capsule as the essential drivers of lethal pathogenesis.
Showed that dual veterinary-environmental measures (livestock vaccination, banning autopsies, safe carcass disposal) combined with clinical care address biosecurity concerns and advance Sustainable Development Goals 2, 3, and 15.