Key result
Black race is associated with ~0.76 SD higher Southern dietary pattern adherence versus white participants.
Why the study?
The Southern dietary pattern is associated with an increased risk of several chronic diseases, but the characteristics of individuals with high adherence to it remained to be identified.
Cohort (n=16,781)
Yes
Standardized Mean Difference: 0.76
p-value: p=<0.0001
High consumption of the Southern dietary pattern is strongly associated with Black race in the US, which may contribute to racial disparities in incident hypertension and stroke.
Black race most strongly predicted Southern diet adherence, potentially driving racial disparities in hypertension and stroke; hypothesis-generating for targeted interventions.
The Southern dietary pattern, derived within the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort, is characterised by high consumption of added fats, fried food, organ meats, processed meats and sugar-sweetened beverages and is associated with increased risk of several chronic diseases. The aim of the present study was to identify characteristics of individuals with high adherence to this dietary pattern. We analysed data from REGARDS, a national cohort of 30 239 black and white adults ≥45 years of age living in the USA. Dietary data were collected using the Block 98 FFQ. Multivariable linear regression was used to calculate standardised beta coefficients across all covariates for the entire sample and stratified by race and region. We included 16 781 participants with complete dietary data. Among these, 34·6 % were black, 45·6 % male, 55·2 % resided in stroke belt region and the average age was 65 years. Black race was the factor with the largest magnitude of association with the Southern dietary pattern (Δ = 0·76 sd, P < 0·0001). Large differences in Southern dietary pattern adherence were observed between black participants and white participants in the stroke belt and non-belt (stroke belt Δ = 0·75 sd, non-belt Δ = 0·77 sd). There was a high consumption of the Southern dietary pattern in the US black population, regardless of other factors, underlying our previous findings showing the substantial contribution of this dietary pattern to racial disparities in incident hypertension and stroke.
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A 2021 study conducted a cohort in General population (dietary pattern adherence) (n=16,781). Black race vs. White race was evaluated on Adherence to the Southern dietary pattern (standardized beta coefficient) (Δ = 0.76 SD, p=<0.0001). Black race was the factor with the largest magnitude of association with adherence to the Southern dietary pattern (Δ = 0.76 SD, P < 0.0001) compared to white participants.
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