Key result
COVID-19 mRNA vaccine-associated myocarditis predominantly affects young males, presenting with mild symptoms and abnormal CMR.
Why the study?
Although COVID-19 mRNA vaccination is effective, rare cardiac complications such as myocarditis have been reported, motivating a synthesis of evidence on CMR characteristics, influencing factors, and pathogenesis.
CMR is a valuable non-invasive diagnostic tool for COVID-19 mRNA vaccine-induced myocarditis, which predominantly affects young males and generally has a mild, recoverable clinical course.
May warrant heightened suspicion for myocarditis in young males post-vaccination; leaves open incidence, long-term outcomes, and causality in larger cohorts.
Although immunization with the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) mRNA vaccine is considered to be an effective measure to reduce the number of serious cases or deaths associated with COVID-19, rare cases of cardiac complications have been reported in the literature, encompassing acute myocardial injury, arrhythmia, vasculitis, endothelial dysfunction, thrombotic myocardial infarction and myocarditis. Interestingly, patients diagnosed with myocarditis after receiving the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine exhibit abnormal cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) findings, suggesting CMR can be a valuable non-invasive diagnostic tool. In populations immunized with the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine, the risk in teenagers and young men is significantly higher. Myocardial injury in male patients is mainly myocarditis, while in female patients, myocarditis and pericardial effusion are predominantly found. Generally, the symptoms of myocarditis are relatively mild and complete recovery can be achieved. Moreover, the incidence rate associated with the second dose is significantly higher than with the first or third dose. This article brings together the latest evidence on CMR characteristics, influencing factors and pathogenesis of myocarditis caused by the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. At the same time, we make recommendations for populations requiring immunization with the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine.
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Ba et al. (2022) conducted a review in Myocarditis induced by COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. COVID-19 mRNA vaccine was evaluated on CMR manifestations and clinical characteristics of vaccine-induced myocarditis. Myocarditis following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination predominantly affects teenagers and young men, typically presenting with mild symptoms and abnormal cardiac magnetic resonance findings such as late gadolinium enhancement.
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