Key result
Single maximal breath-hold linked to a transient rise in circulating endothelial microparticles and microRNAs.
Why the study?
The pathophysiological consequences of apnea diving on vascular function and endothelial activation are poorly investigated and understood.
Does a single voluntary maximal breath-hold increase circulating levels of endothelial cell-derived MPs and miRs in healthy trained apneic divers?
Observational (n=10)
Does a single voluntary maximal breath-hold increase circulating levels of endothelial cell-derived MPs and miRs in healthy trained apneic divers?
A single maximal breath-hold induces acute endothelial activation, suggesting caution for individuals with preexisting vascular diseases.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
May signal transient endothelial activation after breath-hold; hypothesis-generating for vascular risk in patients with preexisting disease.
BACKGROUND: Apnea diving has gained worldwide popularity, even though the pathophysiological consequences of this challenging sport on the human body are poorly investigated and understood. This study aims to assess the influence of sustained apnea in healthy volunteers on circulating microparticles (MPs) and microRNAs (miRs), which are established biomarkers reflecting vascular function. HYPOTHESIS: Short intermittent hypoxia due to voluntary breath-holding affects circulating levels of endothelial cell-derived MPs (EMPs) and endothelial cell-derived miRs. METHODS: Under dry laboratory conditions, 10 trained apneic divers performed maximal breath-hold. Venous blood samples were taken, once before and at 4 defined points in time after apnea. Samples were analyzed for circulating EMPs and endothelial miRs. RESULTS: at the end of apnea was 79% (±12). Apnea was associated with a time-dependent increase of circulating endothelial cell-derived EMPs and endothelial miRs. Levels of circulating EMPs in the bloodstream reached a peak 4 hours after the apnea period and returned to baseline levels after 24 hours. Circulating miR-126 levels were elevated at all time points after a single voluntary maximal apnea, whereas miR-26 levels were elevated significantly only after 30 minutes and 4 hours. Also miR-21 and miR-92 levels increased, but did not reach the level of significance. CONCLUSIONS: Even a single maximal breath-hold induces acute endothelial activation and should be performed with great caution by subjects with preexisting vascular diseases. Voluntary apnea might be used as a model to simulate changes in endothelial function caused by hypoxia in humans.
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Eichhorn et al. (2017) conducted an observational in Healthy volunteers (n=10). Sustained apnea (maximal breath-hold) vs. Baseline (before apnea) was evaluated on Circulating levels of endothelial cell-derived microparticles (EMPs) and endothelial cell-derived microRNAs (miRs). A single maximal breath-hold induced a time-dependent increase in circulating endothelial microparticles and microRNAs, peaking at 4 hours and returning to baseline by 24 hours.
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