Key result
Male sex links to higher cardiovascular mortality, driven by a ~19% daily tobacco smoking rate.
Cross-Sectional (n=1,011)
Tobacco smoking is the primary risk factor explaining higher CVD mortality in men compared with women in Sri Lanka, with socioeconomic status differentially impacting metabolic risk factors by sex.
Sex- and SES-specific CVD risks in Sri Lanka warrant local attention; hypothesis-generating and requires prospective validation before guiding practice.
Since 1950, cardiovascular disease (CVD) has emerged as a leading cause of mortality in Sri Lanka, especially in men. In 2014, a survey in Kalutara to assess CVD and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk factors in adults aged 25 to 64 years (n = 1011), and associations with sex and socioeconomic status (SES), found similar CVD risk factors in both sexes, except for daily tobacco smoking at 19% in men and nil in women, and higher body mass index (BMI) in women than men. With increasing SES in men, there were significant linear increases in mean BMI, waist circumference, mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean fasting plasma glucose, and T2DM prevalence, but decreases in tobacco smoking. Whereas in women higher SES was associated with a significant increase in mean BMI, but a significant decrease in hypertension prevalence. Tobacco smoking is the main risk factor explaining higher CVD mortality in men compared with women.
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Gamlath et al. (2017) conducted a cross-sectional in Cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus risk factors (n=1,011). Socioeconomic status and sex vs. Different socioeconomic strata and opposite sex was evaluated on Cardiovascular and type 2 diabetes mellitus risk factors. Male sex was associated with a 19% daily tobacco smoking rate compared to 0% in women, serving as the main risk factor explaining higher cardiovascular mortality in men.
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