Genetics in relation to cardiac diseases: Implications for general practitioners

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) pose significant global health challenges, with genetics increasingly recognised as a key factor alongside traditional risk factors. This presents an opportunity for general practitioners (GPs) to refine their approaches. OBJECTIVE: This article explores the impact of genetics on CVDs and its implications for GPs. It discusses monogenic disorders like inherited cardiomyopathies and polygenic risks, as well as pharmacogenetics, aiming to enhance risk assessment and personalised care. DISCUSSION: Monogenic disorders, driven by single gene mutations, exhibit predictable inheritance patterns, including inherited cardiomyopathies and channelopathies such as Long QT syndrome. Polygenic risks involve multiple genetic variants influencing CVD susceptibility, addressed through polygenic risk scores for precise risk assessment. Pharmacogenetics tailor drug interventions based on genetic profiles, though challenges like accessibility and ethical considerations persist. Integrating genetics into cardiovascular care holds promise for alleviating the global CVD burden and improving patient outcomes.