A bimorph consisting of poly(3-alkylthiophene) gel film and polypyrrole film has been prepared for the first time and demonstrated to be driven by electrochemical doping. The bend of the bimorph can be controlled by the doping potential, that is, by the dopant concentration. The response time can also be controlled by the doping potential and electrolyte concentration. Anomalous responses have been observed for excess doping levels. The origin of this unique behavior of the bimorph was discussed by taking the role of the dopant in the gel film into consideration.
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Shakuda et al. (1993) studied this question.