Key result
Dual and single cigarette smoking are linked to higher HbA1c levels versus non-smokers.
Why the study?
The association of smoking behaviors, including dual smoking, cigarette smoking, and previous smoking, with glycated hemoglobin levels in the general population was unclear.
Do smoking behaviors, including dual smoking and cigarette smoking, increase glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in a general population?
Cross-Sectional (n=8,809)
Do smoking behaviors, including dual smoking and cigarette smoking, increase glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in a general population?
Effect estimate: β = 0.1116
p-value: p=0.0012
Dual smoking and single cigarette smoking are associated with significantly higher HbA1c levels compared to non-smoking in the general population, particularly among men, physically inactive, and overweight/obese individuals.
Smoking may worsen glycemic control; hypothesis-generating and should not yet change practice.
This study investigated the association of smoking behaviors, including dual smoking (smoking both cigarettes and e-cigarettes), cigarettes smoking, and previous smoking, with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) data from 2014–2016 was used. Associations between smoking behavior patterns and HbA1c levels were analyzed via multiple regression. Among 8809 participants, individuals who were dual smokers and cigarettes smokers had significantly higher HbA1c levels than non-smokers (dual: β = 0.1116, p = 0.0012, single: β = 0.0752, p = 0.0022). This relationship strengthened in subgroups of men (dual: β = 0.1290, p = 0.0013, single: β = 0.1020, p = 0.0014, ex: β = 0.0654, p = 0.0308), physically inactive subjects (dual: β = 0.1527, p = 0.0053, single: β = 0.0876, p = 0.0197), and overweight (dual: β = 0.1425, p = 0.0133) and obese individuals (dual: β = 0.1694, p = 0.0061, single: β = 0.1035, p = 0.0217). This study suggests that smoking behaviors are likely to increase the risk of HbA1c level in a general population. The health effects of dual smoking remain uncertain and should be addressed in the future.
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Choi et al. (2018) conducted a cross-sectional in General population (n=8,809). Smoking behaviors (dual smoking and cigarette smoking) vs. Non-smokers was evaluated on Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels (β = 0.1116, p=0.0012). Dual smoking and single cigarette smoking were significantly associated with higher HbA1c levels compared to non-smokers (dual: β=0.1116, p=0.0012; single: β=0.0752, p=0.0022).
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