Spectral Fourier–Galerkin benchmark solution for natural convection in an inclined saturated porous medium

This paper presents some novel problems associated with the steady natural convection flow in an inclined square cavity filled with a saturated porous medium. The proposed method is a high-accurate spectral method based on the Fourier–Galerkin technique. The numerical results have demonstrated the advantage for the following reasons. (a) The high-accurate method deals with inclined geometries successfully. (b) The streamlines, isotherms, and the average Nusselt numbers are affected significantly by the inclination of the cavity for high values of Rayleigh number. (c) In contrast with the finite element method a highly accurate and efficient solution with less computational effort is obtained.