Key result
Male sex is linked to worse COVID-19 progression and higher mortality despite similar infection rates.
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Why the study?
Males seem disproportionately at risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes due to preexisting CVD and cardiovascular injury, warranting a basic science perspective on sex differences in these settings.
Males with COVID-19 experience worse disease progression and higher mortality than females, potentially driven by sex differences in preexisting cardiovascular disease and COVID-19-related cardiac injury.
Warrants cardiac monitoring in severe COVID-19; leaves open mechanistic pathways for targeted interventions.
The novel 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19), resulting from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronarvirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, typically leads to respiratory failure in severe cases; however, cardiovascular injury is reported to contribute to a substantial proportion of COVID-19 deaths.Preexisting cardiovascular disease (CVD) is among the most common risk factors for hospitalization and death in COVID-19 patients, and the pathogenic mechanisms of COVID-19 disease progression itself may promote the development of cardiovascular injury, increasing risk of in-hospital death.Sex differences in COVID-19 are becoming more apparent as mounting data indicate that males seem to be disproportionately at risk of severe COVID-19 outcome due to preexisting CVD and COVID-19-related cardiovascular injury.In this review, we will provide a basic science perspective on current clinical observations in this rapidly evolving field and discuss the interplay sex differences, preexisting CVD and COVID-19-related cardiac injury.As the clinical data surrounding COVID-19 infection and mortality rates continues to become more robust, a staggering trend is becoming apparent: COVID-19 positive males suffer worse disease progression and have a higher rate of mortality than females despite having a similar rate of infection [15].The first published study investigating sex
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Medzikovic et al. (2020) conducted a review in COVID-19 with preexisting cardiovascular disease. Male sex vs. Female sex was evaluated on Disease progression and mortality. COVID-19 positive males suffer worse disease progression and have a higher rate of mortality than females despite having a similar rate of infection.
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