Ischemia-Modified Albumin as a Predictor Tissue Ischemia Marker in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome

Background: Ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) has gained attention as an important biochemical marker of oxidative stress in acute myocardial ischemia. This study assessed the screening ability of IMA in acute coronary syndrome and its correlation with the severity of obesity, arterial blood pressure, and lipid profile. Methods: A cross-sectional study using a non-probability sampling technique with 200 patients was conducted at the Physiology Department of Liaquat University of Medical and Health Science (LUMHS) from 1st September 2021 to 1 May 2022. Obese patients from the general population who had a positive family history of cardiovascular disorders were recruited and a biophysical examination was conducted. Afterward, 5cc of blood was drawn and sent for laboratory assessment of IMA and Lipid profile by using ELISA-based assay kits. Using SPSS v.25, ANOVA and student's T-test were used to assess the quantitative data. The Chi-Square Test was employed to assess the qualitative data, and a p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Among 200 participants, 86 participants had increased IMA. Median body mass index (BMI), high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoproteins, triacylglycerol, cholesterol and ischemia-modified albumin was 39.00(5.00)kg/m2, 29.00(22.25)mg/dL, 165.00(75.00)mg/dL, 189.00(94.25)mg/dL, 294.50(91.75)mg/dL and 111.00(35.00)IU/mL, respectively. A strong relationship of IMA was seen with low-density lipoproteins (r=0.608), triacylglycerol (r=0.680), and cholesterol (r=0.646). An even stronger correlation was observed between ischemia-modified albumin and both systolic and diastolic blood pressure (r=0.903 and 0.839, respectively). Conclusion: IMA levels are altered with changes in BMI, lipid profile, and arterial blood pressure. Thus, IMA can be utilized to predict the risk of cardiovascular diseases in high-risk patients.