Power systems worldwide are experiencing a steady increase of power electronic (PE) equipment installations, including converter-based generation such as wind or photovoltaic, battery energy storage systems, HVDC converters or FACTS. This trend is one of the major constants shaping the future of power systems. Further, with converter based generation displacing classical synchronous generation, PE equipment can rapidly reach very high penetration levels and become dominant in the network. The dynamic performance of the system is then likely to experience significant changes due to some unique characteristics of PE based generation.
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Constantin et al. (2020) studied this question.
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