GPR39 localization in the aging human brain and correlation of expression and polymorphism with vascular cognitive impairment

Figures

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  FIGURE 1. GPR39 expression in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) of young and aged control and aged vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) human brains. Quantification of GPR39 expression density in both gray (A), and white matter (B), of young adult control and aged control and VCI human brains. C, Representative image of GPR39 immunolabeling (blue) of human aged dlPFC. Data represent mean ± standard error of the mean (n = 5–15/group)

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  FIGURE 2. Peri‐capillary localization of GPR39 in aged human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). A, Quantification of collagen IV expression density and (B), colocalization of GPR39 with collagen IV, in both gray (top) and white (bottom) matter of young and aged control and aged vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) human dlPFC. Representative images of collagen IV (brown) and GPR39 (blue) labeling in human dlPFC gray (C), and white matter (D), arrows indicate colocalization of GPR39 with collagen IV, arrowheads indicate close proximity of GPR39 with collagen IV. * P < 0.05, ** P < s0.001, one‐way analysis of variance, data represent mean ± standard error of the mean (n = 5–15/group)

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  FIGURE 3. Microglial localization of GPR39 in aged human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). A, Quantification of CD68 expression density and (B), density of colocalized GPR39 with CD68, in both gray (top) and white (bottom) matter of young and aged control and aged vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) human dlPFC. Representative images of CD68 (brown) and GPR39 (blue) labeling in human gray (C), and white matter (D), arrows indicate colocalization of GPR39 with CD68. * P < 0.05, one‐way analysis of variance, data represent mean ± standard error of the mean (n = 5–15/group)

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  FIGURE 4. GPR39 single nucleotide polymorphisms in control and vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) subjects. A, Number of subjects carrying one of two GPR39 polymorphisms, or the wild‐type GPR39 gene, in control and VCI groups. Fisher's exact test determined lack of significance in genotypes between control and VCI subjects (P = 0 .102). B, Quantification of white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volumes by GPR39 genotype, regardless of clinical status. Significance was determined by one‐way analysis of variance with Tukey's multiple comparisons test, * indicates P < 0.05 compared to both other groups. C, Representative 3T magnetic resonance imaging scans of subjects with low (left) and high (right) WMH burden. Arrows indicate areas of WMH