Urban Mobility and Sustainable Transport Practices: A Cross-City Comparison of Jakarta and Surabaya

The implementation of sustainable urban mobility in Indonesia's major cities is critical to addressing environmental challenges and improving public service delivery. This study compares sustainable transport initiatives in Jakarta and Surabaya, focusing on system integration, infrastructure development, eco-friendly vehicles, and inclusive public services. Using a qualitative case study approach, the research draws on interviews with policymakers, community actors, and users, complemented by document analysis. Findings indicate a marked difference in urban mobility systems: Jakarta has successfully integrated multiple transport modes through the JakLingko platform, enhancing accessibility and ridership. In contrast, Surabaya's system remains fragmented, with limited intermodal connectivity and low public transport adoption, despite innovations such as the Suroboyo Bus and waste-to-fare payment schemes. The study underscores the importance of collaborative governance, technological integration, and inclusive design in promoting sustainable urban mobility. Jakarta's model offers valuable insights for Surabaya and similar cities seeking to develop effective, people-centered transport ecosystems.