Nanocarrier Platforms in Cancer Therapeutics: Design, Advances and Clinical Translation Challenges

Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative frontier for detecting and treating various types of tumours more accurately. As a leading technology, nanotechnology assists in overcoming the issues linked with traditional antitumor drug systems. Nanocarriers (NCs) are colloidal systems developed for precise drug delivery; their main objective is to surpass the protective and efficient barriers. Nanocarriers have been widely studied over the last few decades as they are highly helpful and play an important role in drug delivery across different fields. They show better performance compared to other methods by overcoming the limitations related to low targeting ability, damage to healthy cells, toxicity, and immediate drug release. To achieve this goal, novel NCs like microemulsions, vesicular (liposomes), and nanoparticular NCs are created and explored. These new NCs have unique improved penetration and retention in the tumour tissue. Nano-therapy has advanced the delivery of chemotherapeutic medicines in cancer. Additionally, their uses in many other therapeutic areas have been remarkable, and there is yet much more to be discovered to facilitate their successful clinical translation.