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September 17, 2026Phytotherapy ResearchOpen Access

Hinokitiol Promotes Neural Repair After Spinal Cord Injury by Reprogramming Microglial Inflammatory and Redox Responses

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Authors

WZWenhao ZhangNantong UniversityJWJing WangNantong UniversityTWTianyi WangNantong University

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Overview

Preclinical study demonstrates improved neural repair in spinal cord-injured mice, indicating therapeutic potential for microglial redox reprogramming.

Key Points

  • Determine whether hinokitiol accelerates neural repair after spinal cord injury and evaluate whether Nrf2 signaling mediates these neuroprotective effects.
  • Administered hinokitiol (20 mg/kg once daily for 7 days, initiated 6 hours post-injury) or vehicle intraperitoneally to male C57BL/6J mice with T10 contusive spinal cord injury.
  • Evaluated locomotor function, electrophysiology, histology, and single-nucleus transcriptomics in vivo, complemented by LPS-challenged BV2 microglia, BV2-HT22 cocultures, and pharmacological Nrf2 inhibition with ML385 in vitro.
  • Hinokitiol improved locomotor scores and motor-evoked potentials while significantly diminishing lesion cavitation, collagen scarring, demyelination, and neuronal loss.
  • Hinokitiol suppressed key pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS, COX-2) and oxidative enzymes (NOX2/4), and reduced neuronal apoptosis in coculture.
  • Mechanistically, hinokitiol decreased Keap1 and increased Nrf2 and HO-1 expression, whereas co-treatment with ML385 abolished these protective adaptations and restored inflammatory and oxidative injury.

Cite This Study

Zhang et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6aabb7275f706d05830e60afhttps://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.70447
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Herkinorin Exerted Neuroprotective Effects After Spinal Cord Injury by Suppression of NF-κB Pathway Activation2026
  2. 2Inhibiting the NF-κB/DRP1 Axis Affords Neuroprotection after Spinal Cord Injury via Inhibiting Polarization of Pro-Inflammatory Microglia2024 · 1 citations
  3. 3Therapeutic targeting of microglial hexokinase-2 attenuates inflammasome activation and improves functional recovery after traumatic brain injury2026
  4. 4Magnolol alleviates oxidative stress injury by modulating microglia activation and polarization in an experimental rat model of spinal cord injury2026
  5. 5Tibolone Administration Is Associated with Enhanced Motor Recovery and Decreased Cell-Specific NOX2 and NOX4 Immunoreactivity in a Rat Model of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury2026