Exploring the role of sociodemographic factors in human capital development within Igbo business mentorship

This study investigates how sociodemographic factors influence human capital development within the indigenous Igbo business mentorship. While this apprenticeship model is a cornerstone of Nigeria’s economy, it has received limited scholarly attention. Using a qualitative approach with purposive and snowball sampling, we interviewed 75 entrepreneurs from three major Lagos markets: Ladipo Auto Spare Parts, Idumota, and Alaba International. Key findings reveal that early-age engagement is a critical predictor of entrepreneurial success, repositioning formal education. The results demonstrate that the apprenticeship system functions as a vehicle for “creative destruction,” where practical mentorship dismantles reliance on outdated educational structures. Furthermore, the study supports Social Capital Theory, showing that strong social networks are more vital to business growth than individual effort alone. Ultimately, this research challenges Western narratives of the isolated entrepreneur, confirming that communal support systems are the primary drivers of sustainable human capital development in this context.