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September 17, 2026JAMA Cardiology

An Axillary Mass in Pulmonary Embolism

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Population

A 54-year-old woman presenting with subacute exertional dyspnea, a history of chronic repetitive upper-limb…

Design

Case_report

Key result

Chronic repetitive upper-limb strain and heavy lifting resulted in an axillary mass and pulmonary embolism presenting with subacute exertional dyspnea in a 54-year-old woman.

Authors

WYWentao YangCZChen ZhangYWYong Wang

Discussion

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Overview

Suggests considering repetitive upper-limb strain in unexplained axillary masses with dyspnea; leaves open its role in effort-related pulmonary embolism.

Key Points

  • Evaluate the clinical etiology and determine the next diagnostic steps for a patient presenting with an axillary mass and exertional dyspnea following chronic upper-limb strain.
  • Assessed a 54-year-old woman presenting with subacute exertional dyspnea triggered by heavy lifting.
  • Reviewed mechanical risk factors, including chronic repetitive upper-limb strain associated with caregiving activities.
  • Documented exertional dyspnea accompanied by an axillary mass following acute-on-chronic mechanical strain.
  • Identified presentation characteristics concerning for upper-extremity vascular thrombosis with downstream thromboembolic complications.

Structured PICO

P
Population
A 54-year-old woman presenting with subacute exertional dyspnea, a history of chronic repetitive upper-limb strain, and an axillary mass in the setting of pulmonary embolism

A case report describing a 54-year-old woman presenting with an axillary mass and pulmonary embolism.

Cite This Study

Yang et al. (2026) studied this question. Chronic repetitive upper-limb strain and heavy lifting resulted in an axillary mass and pulmonary embolism presenting with subacute exertional dyspnea in a 54-year-old woman.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6aabb7f75f706d05830e7625https://doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2026.3410
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