Cryoanesthesia-assisted 4% Articaine Buccal Infiltration vs Precooled 2% Lignocaine Block for Pulp Therapy in Primary Mandibular Molars: A Triple-blinded Split-mouth Randomized Controlled Trial Using the Modified Behavior Pain Scale

articaine in 1976, which is distinguished by its thiophene ring and additional ester linkage.These structural differences enhance its lipid solubility and potency.These properties allow articaine to diffuse effectively through the dense mandibular bone, making IntroductIonPain is an unpleasant, sensory, and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage.It is an inevitable factor during various dental procedures and is the major reason why a patient may have a fear of dental treatments, which is especially true in the case of pediatric patients.1 Therefore, the effective control of pain during dental procedures is an important prerequisite to alleviate fear and discomfort.Local anesthesia (LA) is integral to modern dental practice, enabling effective analgesia without loss of consciousness.Since the late nineteenth century, advancements in anesthetic agents have transformed dentistry worldwide.Among these, lidocaine hydrochloride remains the gold standard, widely used for its efficacy and safety.2 However, in mandibular teeth, lignocaine typically necessitates administration via an inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB).In pediatric patients, this approach is technique-sensitive and may be associated with anxiety, inadequate anesthesia, and prolonged soft tissue numbness.Subsequent developments introduced amide-based anesthetics such as prilocaine, bupivacaine, mepivacaine, and etidocaine.A significant milestone was the introduction of 1-4,