Key result
PCV3 exhibits high genetic diversity and an evolutionary rate similar to PCV2.
Why the study?
The circulating status and genetic characteristics of Porcine Circovirus 3 (PCV3) in Fujian Province, China, were unclear, and its impact on swine health was not fully known.
Cross-Sectional (n=127)
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
High PCV3 diversity and ancient swine ancestry suggest endemic circulation; leaves open pathogenic role and surveillance needs.
The identification of a new circovirus (Porcine Circovirus 3, PCV3) has raised concern because its impact on swine health is not fully known. In Fujian Province in eastern China, even its circulating status and genetic characteristics are unclear. Here, we tested 127 tissue samples from swine from Fujian Province that presented respiratory symptoms. All of the PCV3 positive samples were negative for many other pathogens involved in respiratory diseases like PCV2, PRRSV, and CSFV, suggesting that PCV3 is potentially pathogenic. From phylogenetic analysis, PCV3 strains are divided into two main clades and five sub-clades; PCV3a-1, PCV3a-2, PCV3a-3, PCV3b-1, and PCV3b-2. Our identified strains belong to genotypes PCV3a-1, PCV3a-2, PCV3a-3, and PCV3b-2, indicating a high degree of genetic diversity of PCV3 in Fujian province until 2019. Interestingly, we found the time of the most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) of PCV3 was dated to the 1950s, and PCV3 has a similar evolutionary rate as PCV2 (the main epidemic genotypes PCV2b and PCV2d). In addition, positive selection sites N56D/S and S77T/N on the capsid gene are located on the PCV3 antigen epitope, indicating that PCV3 is gradually adaptive in swine. In summary, our results provide important insights into the epidemiology of PCV3.
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Chen et al. (2019) conducted a cross-sectional in Respiratory symptoms in swine (n=127). Porcine Circovirus 3 (PCV3) was evaluated on Genetic diversity and evolutionary characteristics of PCV3. Phylogenetic analysis of 127 swine tissue samples revealed high genetic diversity of PCV3, with an evolutionary rate similar to PCV2 and a most recent common ancestor dating to the 1950s.
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