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Review uncovers sex-specific risks of steatotic liver disease and cardiovascular complications in type 2 diabetes, highlighting the need for tailored clinical management.
This review examines the role of sex in modulating the relationship between metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and various components of type 2 diabetes (T2D) pathobiology. Data suggest that women with prediabetes and diabetes have a greater risk of MASLD compared to men. Furthermore, postmenopausal women with T2D demonstrate a high prevalence of advanced MASLD, and the female sex appears to interact with T2D to enhance the detrimental effects of the PNPLA3 rs738409 variant on adverse liver outcomes. MASLD serves as a risk factor for incident T2D, and the predictive biomarkers for diabetes onset may vary by sex. Additionally, sex may influence the likelihood of diabetic complications, while MASLD appears to more significantly impact the development of coronary artery disease in women. Finally, sex differences in the management of T2D among individuals with MASLD are analyzed.
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Lonardo et al. (2026) studied this question.
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