Reports plasmacytoma-like posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease in a vascular access site, highlighting the necessity of histopathology for symptomatic arteriovenous fistulae.
Common causes of swelling in arteriovenous fistulae (AVFs) include thrombosis, infection, aneurysm, and superior vena cava (SVC) obstruction secondary to previous dialysis vascular catheter use. Malignancies confined in AVFs are rare and have been described in case series and case reports, mostly in immunosuppressed patients.1 Patients who undergo transplantation frequently have functioning or nonfunctioning AVFs. The risk of malignancy is increased in this patient group and thus should be considered in patients presenting with symptomatic AVF.
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Kousios et al. (2019) studied this question.
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