Landscape Design Beyond the Arctic Circle: Challenges and a New Paradigm of Environmental Formation

This article analyzes the challenges and contradictions of landscape design in the Arctic region, where classical paradigms oriented toward the dominance of vegetation prove untenable. The study substantiates the transition to a new, interdisciplinary model of "environmental formation," in which the plant is considered not as the main but as one of the equal elements in a complex with engineering, light, color, and art solutions aimed at human psychophysiological comfort. Based on a systemic analysis of limitations, a critique of traditional approaches, and case studies from Norilsk, Apatity, and the Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden, the article proposes three principles: "Arctic Minimalism," "Adaptive Symbiosis," and "Bright Accent." Key technologies and agrotechnical techniques are described, including modular bio-vegetation cubes, light installations, and raised beds for permafrost conditions.