Green Tea (Camellia sinensis) Extract Increased Topoisomerase IIβ, Improved Antioxidant Defense, and Attenuated Cardiac Remodeling in an Acute Doxorubicin Toxicity Model

Figure 1. Study development. On day one, we received the animals at approximately 100 g. Since then, they started to received their respective chow. When they reached a weight between 250 g and 300 g, we performed the first echocardiogram and intraperitoneal injection of DOX or saline solution according to which group the animals belonged to. On the thirty-fifth day, at forty-eight hours after administering the DOX or saline solution, we euthanized the animals and collected the blood and cardiac samples for analysis.

Figure 2. Plot and western blot images showed the expression of proteins in the heart forty-eight hours after injection with doxorubicin (DOX). Groups: C: control; GT: green tea; D: doxorubicin; DGT: doxorubicin+green tea. PPARα: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; AMPKα: activated protein kinase; TNFα: tumor necrosis factor-alpha; P-akt/T-akt: protein kinase B phosphorylated; Top2-β: topoisomerase IIβ. Pi: P value for interaction between factors GT and DOX. Pgt: P value for the differences between the groups with GT and without GT; Pd: P value for the differences between the groups with DOX and without DOX. For PPARα: Pi = 0,001 and AMPKα: Pi = 0, 04, there were interactions between GT and DOX. Thus, for PPARα and AMPKα, we considered ∗DGT ≠ C, ∗∗D ≠ GT, ∗∗∗C ≠ GT, and ∗∗∗∗D ≠ GT. Comparisons without interaction considered the groups #DOX (D + DGT) ≠ no DOX (C + GT); &GT (GT + DGT) ≠ (C + D). For TNFα, Pd = 0, 01 and for P-akt/T-akt, Pd = 0, 02. For Top2-β, Pgt = 0, 03.

Figure 3. Inflammatory cells and interstitial collagen fraction. Groups: C: control; GT: green tea; D: doxorubicin; DGT: doxorubicin+green tea. In the microscopic images, animal 1 corresponds to group C; 2, GT; 3, DGT; and 4, D. Col I: collagen I; Col III: collagen III; box and bars are expressed in mean ± standard deviation. Pi: P value of interaction; Pgt: P value of green tea; Pd: P value of doxorubicin. After the statistical analysis using two-way ANOVA, no interactions were observed for these data. CD45: #comparisons without interaction considered the differences between: DOX (D + DGT) ≠ no DOX (C + GT): Pd value < 0,001. Collagen fractional area: Col I, Col III: all the comparisons presented P > 0, 05.