CD137 negatively affects “browning” of white adipose tissue during cold exposure

Prolonged cold exposure stimulates the formation of brownlike adipocytes expressing UCP1 (uncoupling-protein-1) in subcutaneous white adipose tissue which, together with classical brown adipose tissue, contributes to maintaining body temperature in mammals through nonshivering thermogenesis. The mechanisms that regulate the formation of these cells, alternatively called beige or brite adipocytes, are incompletely understood. Here we report that mice lacking CD137, a cell surface protein used in several studies as a marker for beige adipocytes, showed elevated levels of thermogenic markers, including UCP1, increased numbers of beige adipocyte precursors, and expanded UCP1-expressing cell clusters in inguinal white adipose tissue after chronic cold exposure. CD137 knockout mice also showed enhanced cold resistance. These results indicate that CD137 functions as a negative regulator of "browning" in white adipose tissue and call into question the use of this protein as a functional marker for beige adipocytes.