An integrated module division method for complex product considering multiple design principles

This study proposes a modular design method integrating the Design Structure Matrix (DSM) with interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy numbers and entropy weighting to reduce subjectivity and uncertainty in module partitioning. Key principles—including physical connectivity, functional relevance, recyclability, and morphological coordination—are quantitatively assessed to enhance decision-making reliability. A case study on intelligent cleaning vehicles shows that when morphological coordination is considered, consistent module divisions appear only at 2, 5, and 8 modules (33.3% consistency), emphasizing its significance in achieving stable and robust modular design.