In this paper, a new algorithm is proposed using the FDTD method and design sensitivity analysis to obtain and optimal shape in a broadband. The adjoint variable equation can be obtained using the uniqueness theorem and can be solved using the FDTD technique also. To deal with a complex geometry, a discrete surface integral (DSI) method is used. As a two-dimensional example, an E-plane open-ended waveguide antenna is tested to show validity.
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Chung et al. (2001) studied this question.
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