Key result
Doppler radars detect heart and respiration rates with ~2% error in a healthy subject.
Why the study?
Radars are increasingly used in medicine for non-contact vital signs monitoring, but their performance in small motion detection and vital sign measurement requires evaluation.
Continuous wave Doppler radars, particularly at higher frequencies (24 GHz), can accurately detect small motions and monitor vital signs such as respiration and heart rate without contact.
24 GHz radar yielded lower errors than 2.4 GHz in human vital signs detection; leaves open clinical utility pending larger prospective validation.
Radars have become devices that one can come across in any environment at any moment. This means that they enter to all areas of life and even in the field of medicine and will be used more intensively in the future. Especially, the attention has been drawn to that they are suitable for the non-contact vital signs monitoring. In this study, two radar structures operating at 24 GHz (Radar 1) and 2.4 GHz (Radar 2) frequencies are used. Radar 1 structure is created on a printed circuit board (PCB), whereas Radar 2 is obtained by combining discrete components. The 8.5 mm movement performed with the aid of a test mechanism is detected by two radars with percentage errors (PEs) of 2.58% and 6.23%, respectively. For the 0.25 Hz vibration frequency, the error is the same for both radars and is 2.4 %. In measurements taken from a healthy human subject, Radar 1 finds a respiration rate with 1.85 % of PE and heart beat rate with 6.17 % of PE. In Radar 2, these values are 2.35 % and 8.24 %, respectively. From the measurement results, it is seen that the resolution of Radar 1 is better than that of Radar 2. The results also indicate that small motion detection and vital signs monitoring are carried out successfully.
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Şeflek et al. (2020) studied Healthy (n=1). 24 GHz and 2.4 GHz continuous wave Doppler radars vs. Finger pulse oximeter and manual counting was evaluated on Percentage error (PE) in respiration and heartbeat rate detection. Continuous wave Doppler radars operating at 24 GHz and 2.4 GHz successfully detected respiration and heartbeat rates in a healthy subject with percentage errors as low as 1.85% and 6.17%, respectively.
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