Pharmacogenetics in Latin American populations: regulatory aspects, application to herbal medicine, cardiovascular and psychiatric disorders

Meeting report of the “Second Symposium on Pharmacology of Cytochrome P450 and Transporters” organized by the Cuban Society of Pharmacology in collaboration with the European Society of Pharmacogenetics and Theranostics (ESPT) and the Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics (www.ribef.com). The Symposium covered different topics on pharmacogenetics and its clinical implications, focusing on Latin-American populations. The activities of the ESPT were also presented and discussed. The topics addressed were regulatory aspects, the use of pharmacogenetics in pre-clinical research, herbal medicine, and natural products, ending with a discussion about translation into clinical practice, specifically for cardiovascular disorders and psychiatry. Finally, the implication for population diversity in Latin America was also discussed. The RIBEF initiative represents a promising step towards the inclusion of Latin American populations among those to benefit from the implementation of pharmacogenetics in clinical practice. Among current RIBEF activities, the CEIBA.FP Consortium aims to study the variability of pheno- and genotypes in Hispanics that are relevant to pharmacogenetics. For this purpose, populations from Mexico, Cuba, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Colombia, Brasil, Perú, Chile, Uruguay, Argentina, Portugal, and Spain are currently being studied. The meeting’s main conclusion was that population pharmacogenetic studies as well as academic clinical trials might need to be conducted in the different geographic locations/countries. This is important in order to improve drug safety, dosage recommendations, and pharmacovigilance programs, because environmental and ethnic factors vary across locations. a The following members, constitute the “C EIBA.FP Consorcio Europeo Ibero-Americano de Farmacogenética de Poblaciones/European Ibero Latino American Consortium of Population Pharmacogenetics ” (*Group Coordinator): Group 01: Authors: Graciela E. Moya*; Verónica Ferrero. Institutions: UCA Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina and Fundación GENOS, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Group 02: Authors: Eduardo Tarazona-Santos*. Institutions: UFMG Universidade Federal de Mina Gerais, Belohorizonte, Brasil and PRISMA Association, Lima, Perú. Group 03: Authors: Jenny Fiedler1,*; Luisa Herrera 1 ; Romina Rojas-Ponce 2 . Institutions: 1 UCH Uuniversidad de Chile, Santiago and 2 UCON Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile. Group 04: Authors: Alba P. Sarmiento-Sánchez*; Angélica Borbón-Orejuela. Institution: PUJ Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia. Group 05: Authors: Ramiro Barrantes*; Gerardo Jiménez-Arce; Carolina Céspedes. Institution: UCR Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica. Group 06: Authors: Idania Rodeiro1,2,*; Mayra Álvarez 2 ; Bárbaro Pérez 2 ; Luis Calzadilla 3 ; René Delgado 4 ; Diadelis Remirez 5 . Institutions: 1 CEBIMAR, 2 Facultad de Medicina Calixto García, 3 Centro Comunitario de Salud Mental La Habana Vieja, 4 Centro para las Investigaciones y Desarrollo de los Medicamentos, CIDEM, 5 Centro Estatal para el Control y Calidad de los Medicamentos, CEMED, Havana, Cuba. Group 07: Authors: Enrique Terán 1,2, *; Natalia Heras 2 ; Leonardo Beltrán 2 ; Francisco Hernánez 3 . Institutions: 1USFQ Universidad San Francisco de Quito, 2UCE Universidad Central de Ecuador Quito, 3UG Universidad Estatal de Guayaquil, Ecuador. Group 08: Authors: Adrián LLerena*; Pedro Dorado; Eva M. Peñas-Lledó; Jesús Cobaleda; M. Eugenia González-Naranjo; Fernando de Andrés. Institution: UEX University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain. Group 09: Authors: Rocío Ortiz-López*; Augusto Rojas-Martínez; Lourdes Garza-Ocañas; Yadira X. Pérez-Páramo. Institution: UAN Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México. Group 10: Authors: Marisol López-López 1, *; Alberto Ortega-Vázquez 1 ; Elisa Alonso-Vilatela 2 ; Nancy Monroy-Jaramillo 2 ; Teresa Corona Vázquez 2 ; Petra Yescas-Gómez 2 ; Adriana Ochoa-Morales 2 ; Institutions: 1 UAM Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana and 2 Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, México DF, México. Group 11: Authors: Martha G. Sosa-Macías*; Carlos Galaviz-Hernández; Ismael Lares; Blanca Lazalde. Institution: IPN Instituto Politécnico Nacional-CIIDIR, Durango, México. Group 12 : Authors: Ronald Ramirez-Roa*. Institution: UNAN Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, León, Nicaragua. Group 13: Authors: Manuela Grazina*. Institution: UC.PT University of Coimbra, Portugal. Group 14: Authors: Francisco E. Estévez-Carrizo*; Nicolás González-Vacarezza. Institution: UM Universidad de Montevideo, Uruguay.